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New Penetration Testing Methods: Adversary Emulation and the Importance of a Non-Technological Approach to Corporate Security

New Penetration Testing Methods: Adversary Emulation and the Importance of a Non-Technological Approach to Corporate Security

Sandro Sana : 11 November 2025 22:48

In the ever-evolving digital world, cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated and pervasive. Companies in every industry face a growing challenge in protecting their sensitive data and customer information.

In response to this need, penetration testing methods have evolved to go beyond the traditional technology-based approach, introducing Adversary Emulation. This new methodology focuses on the human aspect of vulnerabilities and the importance of a holistic approach to corporate security.

What is Adversary Emulation?

Adversary Emulation is an advanced penetration testing methodology that simulates attacks from a real adversary. Unlike traditional penetration testing, which focuses primarily on technical vulnerabilities, Adversary Emulation takes into account a wide range of aspects, including business processes, security policies, user behavior, and internal and external threats.

The goal is to test the overall effectiveness of a company’s defenses by identifying vulnerabilities that could be exploited by real attackers.

The importance of a non-technological approach

While technology plays a crucial role in cybersecurity, it’s crucial to understand that vulnerabilities aren’t limited to technical issues. Threats can exploit human weaknesses, such as a lack of security awareness, social engineering, and human error. Therefore, it’s essential to adopt a holistic approach that encompasses technology, business processes, and user training.

Adversary Emulation allows companies to assess their security in a realistic context by simulating attacks that could occur in the real world. Through a series of attack scenarios, the goal is to identify existing weaknesses and areas for improvement. This approach allows companies to make informed decisions about their security strategy, proactively improving their defenses.

Benefits of Adversary Emulation

Adversary Emulation offers numerous advantages over traditional penetration testing methods. First, it provides a more comprehensive assessment of corporate defenses, examining both technical and human aspects. Second, it allows companies to identify potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers, enabling them to take preventative measures to mitigate risks. Furthermore, Adversary Emulation promotes greater security awareness within the organization by educating users on risks and best security practices.

A comprehensive approach to security must also include non-technological aspects.

Culture of Safety

A key element of a non-technological approach to security is developing a strong security culture within the organization. This includes regular staff training on security practices, recognition of the importance of security by company leadership, and encouraging safe behavior among employees.

Incident Response

Another important element is the ability to respond effectively to security incidents. This includes having well-developed incident response plans, incident communication processes, and post-incident recovery procedures.

Risk Management

Finally, a non-technological approach to security should include robust risk management. This includes identifying and assessing security risks, defining strategies to mitigate them, and continuously monitoring them.

In conclusion, cybersecurity has become a top priority for companies in every industry. To address ever-evolving threats, it is necessary to adopt a not only technological but also human-centered approach to security. Adversary Emulation is a new penetration testing method that allows companies to comprehensively assess their defenses and identify vulnerabilities, proactively improving security. Investing in a holistic approach to corporate security is essential to protecting sensitive data and maintaining customer trust.

However, to maintain effective security, organizations must also focus on non-technological aspects of security, such as security culture, incident response, and risk management. Only with a comprehensive approach, combining technical and non-technical methods, can organizations hope to keep pace with the ever-evolving cybersecurity threats.

Immagine del sitoSandro Sana
Member of the Red Hot Cyber Dark Lab team and director of the Red Hot Cyber Podcast. He has worked in Information Technology since 1990 and specialized in Cybersecurity since 2014 (CEH - CIH - CISSP - CSIRT Manager - CTI Expert). Speaker at SMAU 2017 and SMAU 2018, lecturer for SMAU Academy & ITS, and member of ISACA. He is also a member of the Scientific Committee of the national Competence Center Cyber 4.0, where he contributes to the strategic direction of research, training, and innovation activities in the cybersecurity.

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