On 10 November 2022, the European Parliament, by a large majority, approved the NIS2 (Network and Information System Security) Directive with its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union ( EU Directive 2022/2555 ) on 27 December 2022. The NIS2 Directive amends Regulation (EU) No. 910/2014 and Directive (EU) 2018/1972, and indicates its implementation by the EU Member States by 17 October 2024. Going Beyond NIS1 (2016) Like all documents relating to technology, but especially digital security, they must not be monolithic and definitive, but must take into account the technological, sociological (e.g., COVID pandemic), geopolitical (e.g., war in Ukraine)