Redazione RHC : 27 November 2025 07:29
Quantum mechanics remains a complex and mysterious field, both difficult to explain and difficult to understand. This branch of physics studies the unusual behavior of tiny particles, phenomena that are opening up new scientific possibilities with potentially revolutionary applications.
Despite the pronouncements and investments of tech giants like Microsoft and Google, quantum computing remains less visible compared to the growing focus on artificial intelligence (AI). Generally, while AI is predominantly software-oriented and relies on existing hardware, quantum technology requires specialized physical devices such as sensors and quantum computers, which are still bulky, expensive, and rare today.
Brian Hopkins , vice president and chief analyst at Forrester, however, emphasizes the uncertainty about future prospects: “The potential is there, but the final result remains to be seen. Initial experiments are promising, but research and more powerful computers are still needed to truly apply quantum effects to AI.”
According to McKinsey, the quantum computing market could reach a value of $97 billion by 2025, while the AI market is estimated at trillions. However, caution is warranted: in mid-October, some analysts predicted that key quantum computing stocks could lose up to 62% of their value, fueling fears of a speculative bubble.
Quantum computing addresses different problems than AI. The behavior of qubits, the fundamental unit of quantum computers, is extremely sensitive to light, noise, and small environmental variations. As Elon Musk noted in X, quantum computations may work best in environments “similar to permanently shadowed lunar craters.”
These large and cumbersome machines require temperatures near absolute zero and sophisticated laser systems. Recent developments, such as the use of synthetic diamonds by Element 6—a subsidiary of jeweler De Beers—promise to bring quantum computers closer to operating at more accessible temperatures, with potential practical applications.
It’s estimated that there are currently around 200 quantum computers in existence worldwide, but China hasn’t disclosed the number of its devices. Despite this, quantum experts predict a significant impact. Rajeeb Hazra , CEO of Quantinuum, emphasizes that quantum computing could have applications comparable, if not superior, to those of artificial intelligence.
Professor Sir Peter Knight, a British quantum physicist, points out that calculations that would take forever on even the most powerful supercomputers can be performed in seconds thanks to quantum technology. Potential applications include the discovery of new drugs, personalized medicine, more efficient chemical methods, and advanced sensors for extremely precise measurements.
Quantum sensors have already been integrated into prototypes for non-invasive brain scanning of children with conditions such as epilepsy. Furthermore, the ” Quantum Compass ” tested in London offers an alternative to GPS, even working in underground environments where satellite signals fail. According to Michael Cuthbert, director of the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre , technologies such as quantum clocks, gyroscopes, and magnetometers can enhance the safety and reliability of critical navigation systems.
Even large companies like Airbus are collaborating with IonQ to optimize cargo loading on airplanes using quantum algorithms, reducing fuel consumption. The UK’s National Grid is exploring quantum technology to improve energy production management and reduce disruptions due to peak demand.
One of the most sensitive aspects concerns cryptography. The power of quantum computers could one day surpass current systems for protecting personal and industrial data, a phenomenon known as “Q-Day.” Experts recommend developing encryption technologies resistant to quantum computers immediately.
Brian Hopkins estimates that devices capable of decrypting encrypted data could be available as early as 2030. Companies like Apple and the Signal platform have introduced post-quantum keys, but they cannot be applied to already encrypted data. Daniel Shiu, former head of cryptography at GCHQ, has warned that British citizens’ data is at risk of being decrypted by Chinese state-sponsored attacks.
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