Security Vulnerability CVE-2023-41991 - Complete Analysis and Details
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CVE-2023-41991

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This is a free service offered by Red Hot Cyber to the community. It allows you to view, on a single page, information about a single CVE from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States of America, the Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) regarding the EPSS score and percentile, data from the KEV catalog of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), as well as selected resources from Red Hot Cyber and other international sources.

National Vulnerability Database Information

Description: A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

CVSS Base Score: 5.5 (v3.1)

The **CVSS Base Score** is a score from **0 to 10** that represents the intrinsic severity of a vulnerability. A higher score indicates greater severity.

Value
0.02.55.07.510.0
Published on: 09/21/2023 19:15:11
Last modified: 11/05/2025 19:18:21
NIST: CVE source from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)

CVSS Metrics Details

  • Base Severity: MEDIUM
  • Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
  • Attack Vector: LOCAL
  • Attack Complexity: LOW
  • Privileges Required: NONE
  • User Interaction: REQUIRED
  • Scope: UNCHANGED
  • Confidentiality Impact: NONE
  • Integrity Impact: HIGH
  • Availability Impact: NONE

Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)

Database CWE: v4.18

CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation ↗

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

Fonte: MITRE CWE


FIRST Information

EPSS Score: 0.0384

The **EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System)** is a score from **0 to 1** that indicates the **probability** that a vulnerability will be exploited in the real world in the next 30 days. A higher value indicates a greater likelihood of exploitation.

Value
0.00.250.50.751.0

Percentile: 0.8774

The **Percentile** indicates how much higher this vulnerability's EPSS score is compared to all other vulnerabilities in the EPSS database. For example, a percentile of 0.90 (90%) means that 90% of vulnerabilities have an EPSS score equal to or lower than the current one.

Value
0.00.250.50.751.0

*Data updated as of: 2025-12-08


CISA Information (Known Exploited Vulnerabilities)

The **CISA KEV Catalog** lists vulnerabilities that have been **actively exploited in the real world**. If a CVE is present in this catalog, it indicates that the threat is immediate and mitigation should be a top priority.

CVE **CVE-2023-41991** **IS PRESENT** in the CISA KEV Catalog!

  • Vulnerability Name: Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability
  • Short Description: Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.
  • Date Added to KEV: 09/25/2023
  • Vendor/Product: Apple / Multiple Products
  • Required Action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
  • Due Date: 10/16/2023

Articles published on Red Hot Cyber


NVD References

Exploit PoC from GitHub